Listen, here’s a crash course in the language.
It uses the latin alphabet, except for a few letters, that have a circumflex above them (looks like a roof or hat or something). Since they’re inconvenient to type on a computer, people usually type “gx” for a “g” with a roof above it. Such letters are cx, gx, hx, jx, sx, ux. These are (of course) coupled with your standard c, g, h, j, s, u. These letters sound a little different, but don’t worry about it for now, because this is purely a written guide. How to pronounce the letters can be found in any esperanto school book. Oh yeah, the letters x, y, w, q, are omitted, they don’t exist.
All nouns end with an “-o”
All adjectives end with an “-a”
All adverbs end with an “-e”
Verbs are a funny thing, they end in different endings dependent on what tense is used.
The three common:
Present tense: “-as”
Past tense: “-is”
Future tense: “-os”
There are a few more, but it’s not really beginner stuff.
Definite article: La (works like the English “the”)
Indefinite article: there is none (no equivalent to English “a or an”)
Plural form ends with “-j”
Accusative ends with “-n”, and adjectives are dependent on the nouns for both plurals and accusatives.
Basic pronouns: Mi (I), Vi (you), Li, Sxi, Gxi (he, she, it)
No difference in pronouns between subject-form and object-from. Object-from logically (and simply) gets the accusative “-n” ending. e.g. Mi = I, Min = Me.
Example of all the grammar above: Mi mangxis la grandajn pomojn malrapide.
This means: I (pronoun) ate (past tense, notice the ending “-is”) the (definite article) big (endng in “-jn”, both forms adhere from the noun) apples (noun ending in “-jn” making it plural and accusative) slowly (adverb, ending in “-e”, does not retain the “-jn”). I ate the big apples slowly!
Hopefully this is helpful to some of you who are somewhat familiar with grammar. I’m somewhat of a amateur-linguist myself…
Also, hopefully this made some people keen on maybe learning more. Go to an Esperanto youth congress. It’s like a week-long-24-hour-a-day-party. No sober people anywhere! You’ll learn quickly there.